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Collimators are used in linear accelerators used for radiotherapy treatments. They help to shape the beam of radiation emerging from the machine, they can limit the maximum field size of a beam. The treatment head of a linear accelerator consists of both a primary and secondary collimator. The primary collimator is positioned after the electron beam has reached a vertical orientation. When using photons, it is placed after the beam has passed through the X-ray target. The secondary collimator is positioned after either a flattening filter (for photon therapy) or a scattering foil (for electron therapy). The secondary collimator consists of two jaws which can be moved to either enlarge or minimize the size of the treatment field.
New systems involving multileaf collimators (MLCs) are used to further shape a beam to localise treatment fields in radiotherapy. MLCs consist of approximately 50–120 leaves of heavy, metal collimator plates which slide into place to form the desired field shape.
Radiotherapy destroys cancer by directing beams of radiation directly onto the tumor. The beams of radiation require a very fine focus to avoid harming the surrounding healthy tissue. This focus is achieved by using a multi-leaf collimator, consisting of two rows of very thin tungsten alloy plates, which can be configured to exactly match the dimensions of the tumor.
Collimators and shielding made of tungsten heavy alloy groundbreaking components in the medical industry. They contribute significantly to successful radiotherapy through their high density and high shielding capability against X-rays and gamma rays.
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